Journal: Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
Article Title: Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) Extract Attenuates Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the miR-221/222 and AMPK/SIRT1 Axis in Rats
doi: 10.3746/pnf.2025.231
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of purslane extract (PE) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation in visceral WAT. mRNA (A) and protein (B) levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. (C) Representative images of IHC staining for CD68 (arrows indicate CLS; 200× magnification; scale bars=100 μm). (D) The abundance of dying adipocytes marked by CLS in eWAT sections is expressed as the percentage of all adipocytes. (E) mRNA levels of M1/M2 macrophage markers. (F) Level of phosphorylated NF-κB. (G and H) miR-221/222 expression. Values are presented as the mean±standard error of the mean (n=9). * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, and *** P <0.001 indicate significant differences between the NCD and HFD groups. Different letters (a,b) indicate significant differences ( P <0.05) among the three groups (HFD, PEL, and PEH). NCD, normal chow diet; PEL, HFD supplemented with 0.2% PE; PEH, HFD supplemented with 0.4% PE; WAT, white adipose tissue; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6, interleukin 6; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; IHC, immunohistochemistry; CLS, crown-like structures; Cd68 , cluster of differentiation 68; Nos2 , nitric oxide synthase 2; Cd11c , cluster of differentiation 11c; Arg1 , arginase 1; miR, microRNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B.
Article Snippet: CD68 protein expression in eWAT sections was detected using an antibody against CD68 (cat. no. GTX101895; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and the Polink-2 HRP Anti-rat DAB Detection Kit (OriGene Technologies, Inc.).
Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Expressing